ABSTRACT
Asthenoteratozoospermia is one of the most severe types of qualitative sperm defects. Most cases are due to mutations in genes encoding the components of sperm flagella, which have an ultrastructure similar to that of motile cilia. Coiled-coil domain containing 103 (CCDC103) is an outer dynein arm assembly factor, and pathogenic variants of CCDC103 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). However, whether CCDC103 pathogenic variants cause severe asthenoteratozoospermia has yet to be determined. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for two individuals with nonsyndromic asthenoteratozoospermia in a consanguineous family. A homozygous CCDC103 variant segregating recessively with an infertility phenotype was identified (ENST00000035776.2, c.461A>C, p.His154Pro). CCDC103 p.His154Pro was previously reported as a high prevalence mutation causing PCD, though the reproductive phenotype of these PCD individuals is unknown. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of affected individuals' spermatozoa showed that the mid-piece was severely damaged with disorganized dynein arms, similar to the abnormal ultrastructure of respiratory ciliary of PCD individuals with the same mutation. Thus, our findings expand the phenotype spectrum of CCDC103 p.His154Pro as a novel pathogenic gene for nonsyndromic asthenospermia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Asthenozoospermia/pathology , Dyneins/genetics , Homozygote , Microtubule-Associated Proteins , Mutation , Mutation, Missense , Sperm Tail/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the analytical and diagnostic challenges in interpreting the various organic acid results by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry and to devise a protocol for analysis that is beneficial for prompt interpretation and diagnosis
Study Design: Retrospective study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Apr 2015 to May 2017
Material and Methods: We reviewed clinical data, biochemical investigations and urine organic acid profiles of 110 patients received for evaluation of a suspected organic acid disorder. Urine organic acid analysis was carried out by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry using Mass Hunter software
Results: A total of 104 [99 percent] cases received were from the pediatric patients and 7 [6.3 percent] from adult patients. A total of 11 different organic acidurias were diagnosed. Other diseases [n=10] were also detected on the basis of their pathognomics metabolites and included tyrosinemia type 1 [n=4], alkaptonuria [n=5] and ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency [n=1]. Twenty eight [25 percent] urine samples were either recalled or repeated for reasons like random urine sample yielding negative profiles in setting of a strong suspicion for organic aciduria [n=6], non-availability of clinical data [n=12] or delay in transportation >8 hours [n=10]. Raised non-specific organic acid metabolites were seen in 23 [21 percent] cases. Lactic acid and ketones were detectable in 12 [11 percent] samples in the absence of raised plasma levels
Conclusion: Urine OA profiles must be interpreted in context of complete clinical, nutritional and biochemical findings. Each laboratory equipped with this facility should devise their analytical protocols for meaningful interpretation of results
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Objective: To identify the phenotype and genotype of hypodontia for a Pakistani family with hypodontia and to map the genes locus responsible for this disease
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This descriptive study was performing in human molecular genetics [HMG] laboratory of Baluchistan University of information technology, engineering and management sciences [BUITEMS]. The study was of 4 months duration
Material and Methods: Blood samples [5ml] were collected from all 15 families' members [35participant]. Genomic DNA was extracted by using inorganic method. All the three coding exons of PAX9 [NM_006194] were amplified and sequenced. Sequencing of the PAX9 coding exons and splice sites showed a homozygous misses substitution in exon 3 [c. 718G>C; p.Ala240Pro] in the affected individuals of the family
Results: Intra-oral and panoramic radiographs revealed that the proband [II-1] and her father [I-1] have hypodontia denoted by the complete absence of teeth in maxillary arch, while all other family members maintained normal dentitions. The missing teeth are both upper lateral incisors [12, 22 FDI numbering] and third molars [18, 28]. Mandibular arch show; retained deciduous teeth and no teeth permanent teeth missing. Pedigree construction indicated that phenotypes in this family showed an autosomal recessive segregation pattern. The sequencing of coding exons and splice sites of PAX9 gene showed a homozygous missense mutation in exon number 3 [c. 718G>C; p.Ala240Pro] in the affected individuals of the family
Conclusion: We identified a missense mutation [p.Ala240Pro] in gene PAX9 coding exon 3 in Pakistani family with hypodontia
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Type-2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] is an endocrine disease having a significant genetic component. Polymorphisms of many genes may affect hereditary vulnerability of the disease that is characterized by insulin resistance and islet disorder. As the genetic basis of T2DM can vary between ethnic groups, it is important to investigate the genetic link of T2DM in Pakistani populace. This study was aimed to assess the association of receptor for advanced glycation end product [RAGE] gene polymorphism [-429T>C] with Type-2 diabetes mellitus within local populace
Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated by following kit protocol. Genotyping of the RAGE gene was studied by PCR-RFLP on genomic DNA. All research work was done in molecular biochemistry laboratory [MBL], University of Agriculture Faisalabad and Postgraduate Laboratory, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan from December 2016 to July 2017
Results: We found distribution of -429T>C genotypes between T2DM and healthy controls as 24.7% [tt], 24.7% [Tt] and 50.7% [TT]. The outcomes were highly compatible statistically
Conclusion: The techniques of PCR and RFLP when performed simultaneously can be helpful in tracing vital information regarding polymorphism of AGE receptor
Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Antigens, Neoplasm , Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase 2 [LD2] Isoenzyme and beta 2 microglobulin [beta 2m] in patients of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] and to correlate these levels in NHL patients with and without bone marrow infiltration
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore and Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology [CEMB], Lahore, from 2008 to 2010
Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 subjects irrespective of age and sex and divided into three groups i.e. group A comprising 20 normal healthy controls, group B 30 patients of NHL without bone marrow infiltration while group C consisted of 30 NHL patients with bone marrow infiltration. Serum beta 2m and LD2 isoenzyme levels were determined in the subjects and the values were compared with healthy age and sex matched controls. The estimations were made prior to the institution of chemotherapy
Results: Serum beta 2 microglobulin and LD2 levels were significantly raised in NHL patients compared with controls. There was also significant difference when the values were compared between the patients of NHL with and without bone marrow infiltration
Conclusion: The levels of beta 2m and LD2 showed positive correlation with the extent of the disease, so we conclude that non-invasive parameters are useful indicator of the extent of the disease
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Introduction: Myeloid malignancies are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem/precursor cells. The criteria for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia [AML] are based on morphological cytogenetic and flow-cytometric findings. The prognostic outcome with intensive chemotherapy is better than with non-intensive treatment
Purpose/Objectives: To determine the frequency of various clinical and pathological findings in myeloid malignancies
Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Pathology from October 2014 to December 2016
Material/Patients and methods: Detailed history, clinical and pathological findings recorded on a pre-designed proforma including bone marrow reports was evaluated
Results: During period of study, 351 proformas including bone marrow reports were evaluated, from which 49 [30 males and 19 females; age ranges between 03 months to 60 years] were diagnosed as myeloid malignancies. The distribution of myeloid malignancies were acute myeloid leukemia [n=21], chronic myeloid leukemia [n=14], acute myelodysplastic syndrome [n=3], myeloproliferative neoplasms [n=3], myelofibrosis [n=2], myeloid hyperplasia [n=2], acute promyelocytic leukemia [n=2], myelomonocytic leukemia [n=1], ,and transient abnormal myelopoiesis [n=1].The main presenting complaints were fever and weight loss, whereas splenomegaly was the most common finding on clinical examination. The commonest laboratory finding was anemia followed by leukocytosis; while 10 patients showed pancytopenia
Conclusion: AML with fever and bicytopenia is the commonest myeloid malignancy in our series
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare serum lipid profile in different ultrasonographic grades of non alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: PNS SHIFA hospital, Karachi, from Oct 2015 to Jul 2016
Material and Methods: Seventy three adults of either gender were consecutively inducted after diagnosis of non alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] on ultrasonography [USG]. These individuals were further classified into grade I, II and III of NAFLD depending on US findings. Fasting blood sample of all the subjects was analyzed for serum fasting lipid profile comprising of total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]. Serum non HDL cholesterol [nonHDL-C] was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TC
Results: Among 73 subjects with NAFLD, 42.5%, 37% and 20.5% had grade I, II and III NAFLD respectively. All parameters showed significant increase in frequency of abnormal results with increasing grade of NAFLD except TG. Significant difference was found in mean TC [p=0.000], LDL-C [p=0.000], HDL-C [p=0.005] and nonHDL-C [p=0.000] between grades of NAFLD. Post hoc analysis revealed that only mean nonHDL-C was significantly different amongst all the grades of NAFLD
Conclusion: The increasing severity of NAFLD was found associated with increased frequency of dyslipidemia. Though most frequent dyslipidemia in NAFLD was low serum HDL-C followed by hypertriglyceridemia, only serum nonHDL-C was statistically different amongst all the grades of NAFLD
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Objective: To analyze the surgical technique of Elbow arthodesis in term of its indications and functional outcome in war injured elbow joints
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Peshawar and CMH Quetta, from Apr 2007 to Sep 2013
Material and Methods: Twenty patients all young males who had complex high velocity elbow joint injuries were selected for the study. Plan X-Rays were done for assessment and planning. Surgical technique for arthodesis involved use of AO external fixator 4mm alone in 15 cases and combination of external fixator with minimal internal fixation using K wires in 5 cases
Results: Average duration of bony alkalosis and complete elbow arthodesis was achieved in 8 months [range 7 to almost 10 months]. Almost 90% of the patients had pain free and stable elbow joint with satisfactory level of daily life activities and personal care hygiene
Conclusion: Elbow joint is a commonly involved body part in the battle field resulting in extensive bone and soft tissue damage along with heavy contamination. In these extensive injuries no surgical reconstruction is possible, therefore, early wound debridement and elbow arthodesis at an appropriate angle with external fixation and vascularized soft tissue coverage whenever required is an effective method of treating such injuries
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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography in left anterior descending artery occlusion proximal to first diagonal [Dl] branch in acute anterior wall myocardial infarction [AWMI] by comparing it with angiography
Study Design: Cross sectional validation study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of cardiology, Pakistan Institutes of Medical Sciences [PIMS], Islamabad from May 2011 to Nov 2011
Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study which included 200 patients with left anterior descending myocardial infarction [LADMI]. All the patients had 12-lead ECG followed by coronary angiography [gold standard] for the detection of LAD occlusion proximal to Dl. Diagnostic accuracy of 12-lead ECG was detected by determining sensitivity, specificity and accuracy
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 12-lead ECG for diagnosis of LAD occlusion proximal to Dl was 91%, 70.45%, 91.61%, 68.88% and 86.50%, respectively
Conclusion: Twelve-lead ECG is a reliable test for detection of LAD occlusion proximal to Dl and should be done in every patient with AWMI
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Coronary Angiography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
We report a rare case of segmental spinal dysgenesis in a nine months old boy. The boy was born with flaccid paraplegia and lower limb deformities. Radiological workup revealed severe vertebral and spinal cord anomalies resulting into kyphosis and neurological deficits leading to grave disability and morbidity. The aim of reporting this case is to highlight the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of extent of spinal abnormalities for surgical correction.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the causes, site, duration between the time of injury and presentation and management of traumatic arteriovenous fistula [AVF]
Study Design: A descriptive study
Place and Duration of study: Department of vascular surgery at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from March 2010 to Dec 2011 and Combined Military Hospital Kharian Cantt from Jan 2012 to March 2014
Material and Methods: All the cases of traumatic AVF fistula which reported during this study period were included. Congenital arteriovenous [AV] malformations and fistula for hemodialysis access were excluded from this study. All the cases were evaluated with computerized tomography [CT] angiography or conventional angiography and managed with various open vascular surgical techniques and their results were assessed
Results: Fourteen patients of traumatic AV fistula underwent various open vascular repairs. Age of patients ranged from 16 to 75 years with average age of 34.3 +/- 14.5 years. Male to female ratio was 3.6:1. Penetrating injuries were the commonest cause i.e. 11 [78.6%]. Time interval between injury and presentation in hospital ranged from 4 months to 25 years with average time interval 4.3 years. Lower limb vessels were affected in 10 [71.4%] the upper limb in 1 [7.1%] and neck vessels in 2 [14.3%] and 1 [7.1%] case of post appendectomy AVF between inferior epigastric artery and adjacent vein. Superficial femoral artery and vein was the most frequently involved vessels i.e. 7 [50%] cases
Conclusion: Low velocity penetrating vascular trauma was the commonest cause of traumatic AV fistula. Lower extremities were the most frequently involved site. In most of the cases traumatic AV fistula presents late with its complications. Surgical intervention includes the excision of fistula and restores the continuity of the involved artery and vein with interposition reverse autogenous vein graft or prosthetic graft
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Objective: To study the outcomes of passive removal of silicone oil by 23 Gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy System
Methods: This prospective, consecutive case series study was conducted at Ophthalmology Department Unit I, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2011 to December 2014. Only psuedophakic eyes with silicone oil temponade were selected. Main outcome measures were intra ocular pressure, time taken for removal of silicone oil, per operative and post operative complications. Pre and post operative IOP was compared by using two-tailed paired t-test and mean values with standard deviation were computed using difference of 95% confidence interval. Chi square test was applied for correlation of different variables. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: Out of 79 patients who underwent passive ROSO, 38 [48.1%] were males. Mean age of patients was 47.5 +/- 7.1 [sd] years. Mean time taken for passive ROSO was 7.31 +/- 2.41 [sd] minutes. Pre and post operative intra ocular pressure shows statistically significant [p=0.000] decrease in IOP. Retinal redetachment found in 13 [16.5%] cases during follow up period
Conclusion: Passive removal of silicone oil with 23 G suture less vitrectomy system is safe and effective in terms of less per operative and post operative complications. In this simple technique, there is less tissue trauma and little time consumed so it provides more comfort to patients and surgeons as well
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Objective: to describe the clinical presentation of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia [GT] and evaluate their diagnostic, clinical, and laboratory parameters including platelet aggregometry
Study Design: descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, the Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January 2006 to December 2013
Methodology: patients presenting with mucocutaneous bleeding during study period and evaluated for diagnosis of inherited platelet function disorder, were included. Clinical data and family history were recorded. Laboratory investigations including complete blood count [CBC], peripheral blood smear [PBS], bleeding time [BT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], prothrombin time [PT], and platelet aggregation studies were evaluated
Results: among 796 patients, 163 [20.4%] patients were diagnosed with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Their mean age was a 7 +/-2.5 year ranging from 3 months to 35 years. Consanguinity was observed in 65% patients. Common presenting symptoms included easy bruisibility [76.6%], gum bleeding [56.4%], epistaxis [62.5%], and prolonged bleeding after injury [47.2%]. Bleeding time was prolonged in 92%. Platelet aggregation studies showed decreased aggregation with ADP, Collagen and Epinephrine in 100% of these patients and 9.2% showed decreased aggregation with Ristocetin also
Conclusion: glanzmann thrombasthenia was seen in a substantial number of patients [20.4%], possibly due to consanguineous marriages. GT patients presented from early age to adulthood and raised awareness hoping to help in early diagnosis and more appropriate management. Extensive collaborated studies are needed to predict the true incidence of GT in Pakistan
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Objective: To find out outcomes of pterygium excision with sutureless, glue free conjunctival auto graft
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department Unit-I, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi from June 2011 to May 2015
Materials and Methods: Either gender patients above 25 years of age enrolled for primary pterygium excisionfollowed by limbal to limbal orientation of conjunctival auto graft without suture or adhesive glue. Recurrent pterygia, pseudo pterygia, ocular surface disorders, vascularized cornea, dry eye and patients already on topical anti metabolites were not included. Follow up was scheduled on 1[st] day, 1[st] week, 1[st], 3[rd], and finally 6[th] months. Chi square test was applied to check significance of recurrence with age, gender, occupation and graft size or graft application time
Results: Out of 382 participants, 303 [79.3%] were males. Majority of patients [77.7%] were young between 25 to 45 years of age. Mean time required for graft application was 16.89 +/- 2.58 [std] minutes. Recurrence of pterygium was found in 32 [8.4%] cases. No significant relationship of recurrence of pterygium was found with other variables like gender, age, occupation, graft size or graft application time
Conclusion: Natural healing tendency of vascularized conjunctiva allow graft to adhere underlying scleral bed while well aligned autograft margins and limbal to limbal orientation do not allow overgrowth of fibrovascular conjunctival tissue thereby prevent recurrence of pterygium
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Objective: To asses culture and sensitivity of renal infection patients detected on ultrasound
Study Design: Prospective cohort study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Rimsha Medical Center Dadu from January 2012 to June 2015
Materials and Methods: Hundred patients suffering for renal infection detected on ultrasound were included in the study. Diabetic and urolithiasis patients excluded from the study. Urine culture and sensitivity of renal infection patients detected on ultrasound carried from collection point of diagnostic and research laboratory liaqaut university of medical and health sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad in Dadu
Results: Out of 100 patients 65 [65%] were female and 35[35%] male. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 45 years with mean age 28.9 SD +/- 8.8 The presenting features were lumbar pain with on and off fever in 60[60%] cases, dysuria in 15[15%], and in 35[35%] cases was asymptomatic. The renal infection detected in ultrasound bilaterally in 30[30%], Right sided in 35[35%], left sided in 25[25%] and chronic pyelonephritis [change of small size kidney with increase echogenicity and small size kidney with irregular border] in 10[10%] cases. culture and sensitivity seen positive in 27[27%] cases. Pyuria and haematuria seen in 17[17%]. The commonest micro-organism detected E.coli in 60[60%], Klebsiella 15[15%], Proteus 5[5%], Enterococcus 5[5%], staphylococcus saprophyticus 5[5%], streptococcus 7[7%], Pseudomonas 3[3%] and insignificant mixed bacterial growth seen in 7 cases. Drug senstivity seen in 100% with meronam, pipracilllin/tazobactam, aztreonam. Nitrofurantoin and amikacin 90% Amoxi- clavulanic acid in fusidic acid, ceftrixone, cotirmoxazole, ofloxin, cefuroxime, cefixime 75% and resistance pattern seen more in ceftazidime, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and ampcillin
Conclusion: Renal infection detected on ultrasound even with insignificant pyuria and haematuria should not be neglected because having significant positive culture and sensitivity report findings
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute myocardial infarction [AMI] is one of the most deadly disease of the cardiovascular origen. Older patients are more likely to have a "silent" or unrecognized AMI and to develop heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cardiac rupture, and shock, all of which are associated with increased mortality and a poor prognosis
Objective: To determine the frequency of in-hospital outcome of octogenarians with acute ST segment elevation Myocardial infarction
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at department of Cardiology, Chaudhary Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan from 25[th] October 2014 to 25[th] April 2015. 140 octogenarian patients of acute myocardial infarction were included in the study and clinically followed during hospital stay. The outcome variables included were mortatilty, cardiogenic shock, post MI angina and arrhythemia. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis
Results: Mortality was observed in 12 [8.6%] of our study cases, cardiogenic shock was noted in 47 [33.6%], post MI angina was noted in 45 [32.1%] and arrhythmia was noted in 53 [37.9%] of our study subjects
Conclusion: High frequencies of arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock and post MI angina have been noted in elderly patients in our study
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aged, 80 and over , Hospitals , Patient Outcome Assessment , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Aim: Both Cathelicidin and Chemerin are chemo-attractant proteins and possess antimicrobial activity. Sufficient level of Vitamin D is important for optimum response of Cathelicidin for its antimycobacterial activity. Studies on the role of these antimicrobial peptides and their relationship with Vitamin D level are limited in tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to investigate an association of Vitamin D with antimicrobial peptide (Cathelicidin) and an adipokine (Chemerin) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: In a case control study we estimated level of Vitamin D, Chemerin, Cathelicidin and TNF α in pulmonary TB patients (n=22) and healthy endemic controls (n=17) using sandwich ELISA methodology. The study was conducted at Aga Khan University Karachi during 2011. Results: TB group had higher proportion of subjects above median level of Cathelicidin (median test; p=0.034) and fewer number of subjects with Chemerin (median test; p=0.001). Pairwise comparison also showed significant differences between average ranks of Vitamin D vs. Cathelicidin (p<0.0001), Chemerin vs. Cathelicidin (p=0.04) and Vitamin D vs. TNFα (p<0.0001). Cathelicidin was identified as most discriminatory marker between TB disease and healthy group (ROC, AUC 0.780; p=0.007). Conclusion: Our results highlight the role of Cathelicidin as a potential biomarker of active TB disease. The role of Cathelicidin and Chemerin as plausible biomarkers requires further studies in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction and various reasons of pre-hospital delay in early morning hours
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the department of Cardiology, Chaudhary Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan from 18th September 2012 to 17th March 2013
Materials and Methods: 164 patients of either sex giving mid-section torment in right on time morning were incorporated in this study. The meeting secured the patients' indications, the season of onset of side effects, the consequent occasions and the past history. Entry time short the season of side effects onset was ascertained as pre-healing center postponement and it was computed in hours
Results: 164 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 54.85 years with standard deviation of 10.684 years. 77 [46.95%] patients were male and 87 [53.05%] patients were female.Mean delay of patientswith chest pain was 3.49 hours with standard deviation of 1.777 hours. 96 patients had pre-hospital delay of more than 3 hours while 68 patients had no pre-hospital delay. 130 patients presenting with morning chest pain had ST elevation MI while 34 patients did not have ST elevationMI
Conclusion: In conclusion, onset of symptoms at night especially in morning causes more prolonged delay in hospital arrival because transport means and medical helps are beyond reach at these times
ABSTRACT
To determine the role of gamma glutamyltransferase as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Cross sectional descriptive study. One year. Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. All the patients with metabolic syndrome visited at OPD / admitted in the ward were further evaluated for serum gamma-glutamyltransferase level. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. During one year study period, total one hundred patients [23 males and 77 were females] with metabolic syndrome were recruited and study for gamma glutamyl transferase level. The mean age +/-SD for overall population was 56.84+/-6.52 whereas it was 48.92+/-5.82 and 58.61+/-7.73 in male and female population respectively. The mean +/- SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure [mmHg], triglycerides [mg/dl], high density lipoprotein pressure [mg/dl] and fasting blood sugar [mg/dl] in overall population was 161.20 +/- 16.74 and 95.60 +/- 8.34, 176.38 +/- 11.93, 29.44 +/- 2.90 and 108.42+/- 6.25. The mean gamma glutamyl transferase level in overall population was 86.75+/-7.74 while it was 84.83+/-5.32 and 89.52+/-6.84 in male and female population respectively. The gamma-glutamyltransferase was raised in 75 patients of which 13 were males and 62 were females [p=0.02] and majority of patients were 50-59 year age group [p <0.01]. It is concluded that GGT is a good diagnostic tool in metabolic syndrome with statistical significant results
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Blood Pressure , Triglycerides , Lipoproteins, HDL , Blood GlucoseABSTRACT
To evaluate the frequency of hyponatremia and its prognostic importance in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Six months. Case series. Tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. All the cases with ST elevation myocardial infarction admitted in the CCU were recruited and evaluate for serum sodium level at admission and then at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. One hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction were recruited and assessed for sodium level. The mean age +/- SD of whole population was 57.52 +/- 9.51 whereas in male and female population it was 58.72 +/- 7.53 and 53.84 +/- 7.93 respectively. The sodium level was 130.21 +/- 3.42 and 127.41 +/- 4.21 in male and female population. The p-value was statistically significant [<0.01] in context to age and sex whereas the age in context to hyponatremia is non significant [p=0.77]. The hyponatremia and its severity was statistically significant in context to sex [p=0.04] and duration of the myocardial infarction [p=0.03]. The serum sodium level in context to duration of MI was also significant [p=0.03] whereas the mortality at the end of 30 days was 11% of which 02 patients had normal sodium level while the 09 had low sodium level [hyponatremia]. Hyponatremia in patients with acute STEMI is a important predictor of thirty days mortality